alamar sanarwa

Kasuwancin hutun da ba za a rasa ba - Ajiye har zuwa 20%

babban banner

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass

bisa 10 reviews
duration
duration

Kwanaki 19

wahala
Wahalar Tafiya

matsakaici

max-tsawo
Max. Tsayi

5,070m

manufa
manufa

Nepal

gunkin rukuni-girma
Girman Kungiya

2-16

masauki
Accommodation

Gidan shayi, Zango

sufuri
Transport

Jirgin, Jeep

abinci
abinci

Breakfast, Abincin rana & Abincin dare

Bincika ƙarin bayanai game da tafiya

Bayanin Lumba Sumba Pass Trek

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass wata kasada ce ta kwanaki 19 wadda ke ba da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi jan hankali a gabashin Nepal. Wannan hanyar da ke da nisa ta zama mai sauƙin samu ga masu tafiya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta hanyar izini da aka tsara kuma ta haɗa yankin Kanchenjunga da yankin Makalu ta hanyar babban titin Lumba Sumba (mita 5,070). Tafiya ce ta daji ta gaske kuma tana ratsa yankin Kare Kanchenjunga da kuma wurin shakatawa na Makalu Barun National Park. Hanyar ta dace da waɗanda ke tafiya a ƙasa waɗanda ke son hanyoyin da ba su da natsuwa, kyawawan wurare na tsaunuka, da kuma al'adun da suka dace a wajen wuraren da ake yin tafiya a wurare masu shahara.

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass wata tafiya ce ta kwanaki 19 da aka shirya wacce taurarin Morning star suka shirya a matsayin balaguron sansani da nufin masu tafiya a ƙasa waɗanda za su iya yin dogayen kwanakin tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali da kuma canjin yanayi. Tafiyar ta fara ne da tashi zuwa Bhadrapur sannan a hankali ta ratsa ƙauyukan Rai da Sherpa na gargajiya zuwa manyan wurare masu tsayi. Wannan tafiya tana da ci gaba na halitta na dazuzzukan da ke ƙarƙashin zafi da kwarin kogi zuwa manyan wurare masu duwatsu a tsaunuka yayin da tafiyar ke ci gaba.

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba tana ba da dama mai ban mamaki don ganin wasu daga cikin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a duniya daga hanyar da ba a bincika sosai ba. A ranakun da babu hayaniya, za ku iya ganin Kanchenjunga da Makalu, tare da sauran tsaunukan Himalayan da ke kewaye. Yanayin ƙasa yana canzawa koyaushe a kan hanyar. Ƙananan sassa sune tuddai masu kore, filayen noma masu faɗi da gadoji masu rataye, kuma manyan sassa sune moraines na duwatsu da hanyoyin da dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe da wuraren kiwo na yaks. Wannan bambancin yana sa tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass ta zama mai ban sha'awa da kuma buƙatar jiki.

Wannan tafiya tana da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka shafi al'adu. Kuna tafiya ta cikin ƙauyuka kamar Olangchung Gola, Thudam inda har yanzu akwai al'adun addinin Buddha na Tibet masu ƙarfi. Ana nuna ruhin mutanen yankin ta hanyar tutocin addu'o'i, ganuwar mani da gidajen ibada. Warewar yankin ya sauƙaƙa ci gaba da hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya waɗanda aka gina bisa ga noma, kiwo, da ƙananan kasuwanci.

An tsara tsarin tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass da kyau tare da isasshen daidaitawa don tabbatar da daidaito mai kyau ga tsayi kafin a ketare babban titin. Tafiyar tana da kama da ta balaguro domin babban aikin shine masauki wanda galibi shine zango. Wannan tafiya ce da ta dace da ƙwararrun masu tafiya waɗanda ke son a ƙalubalanci su, su fuskanci yanayin ƙasa mara kyau kuma su sami ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci tsakanin tatsuniyoyi biyu na Himalayas.

  • Tsaro na farko, ko da yaushe
  • Mafi kyawun farashi da aka tabbatar
  • Ƙwararrun ƙungiyar tafiye-tafiye
  • Yin rajista cikin sauƙi, babu ƙarin abubuwa
  • Keɓance tafiyarka
5.0

Dangane da sake dubawa 10

Babban Abubuwan Tafiya

  • Wucin Gadi na Cross Lumba Sumba a tsawon mita 5,070, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin wucewa a gabashin Nepal.
  • Tafiya tsakanin yankunan Kanchenjunga da Makalu a kan hanya ɗaya mai nisa mai nisa.
  • Duba kusa-kusan tsaunukan Makalu, Kanchenjunga, da sauran tsaunukan Himalayan da ke kewaye a ranakun rana.
  • Yi cikakken shiri don yin zango a wuri mai natsuwa na Himalayan.
  • Stroll a Kanchenjunga conservation area da Makalu Barun National Park.
  • Yawon shakatawa a ƙauyukan Rai da Sherpa na gargajiya tare da yawan mabiya addinin Buddha na Tibet.
  • Yi amfani da hanyar tafiya mai sauƙi wadda baƙi za su iya samu a shekarar 2012.

Cikakken Hanyar Hanyar Lumba Sumba Pass Trek

ikon tafiya

A yau za mu fara tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass da jirgin safe daga Kathmandu zuwa Bhadrapur. A lokacin jirgin za mu ga yadda yanayin ƙasa ke canzawa daga garuruwan kwari zuwa filayen fili da tuddai masu nisa. Bayan sauka za mu haɗu da ƙungiyarmu mu ci gaba da tafiya ta jeep zuwa Ilam. Motar tana kai mu ta cikin lambunan shayi, ƙananan kasuwanni da kuma hanyoyin karkara masu kore. Yayin da muke hawa a hankali da sannu a hankali zuwa tuddai, muhalli yana zama mai sanyi da kwanciyar hankali. Da isowa Ilam, za mu duba gidan shayinmu mu ɗauki lokaci mu huta. Da yamma, za mu duba tsarin kwanakin tafiya.

aiki-kanana

Ayyuka: Jirgin sama da tuƙi mai kyau, tafiyar mintuna 45 da kuma tafiyar awanni 3 zuwa 4

tsayi-karami

Max. Tsayi: 1,200m/3,937ft. (Illamu)

abinci-kanana

Abinci: Abincin Rana & Abincin Dare

masauki-kanana

Masauki: Gidan Shayi


Idan tsarin tafiyar mu bai cika cika buƙatun ku ba, muna farin cikin daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman abubuwan da kuke so da buƙatunku.

Ya Haɗa da Cire

Me Aka Hada?

  • Sufurin motoci masu zaman kansu daga Kathmandu zuwa filin jirgin sama da kuma canja wurin filin jirgin sama bisa ga tsarin Lumba Sumba Pass Trek
  • Jirgin cikin gida daga Kathmandu zuwa Bhadrapur da Tumlingtar zuwa Kathmandu
  • masaukin otal a Kathmandu kafin da bayan tafiya
  • Masaukin sansani a lokacin tafiya tare da cikakken tallafin sansani
  • Karin kumallo a otal ɗin Kathmandu, da abinci uku (karin kumallo, abincin rana, abincin dare) kowace rana yayin tafiya.
  • Jagorar tafiya ta ƙwararru, mai jin Turanci da kuma masu ɗaukar kaya da ake buƙata
  • Albashin jagorar tafiya, inshora, abinci, masauki, kayan aiki, sufuri, da sauransu.
  • Sabbin 'ya'yan itace na lokaci yayin tafiya
  • Duk izinin tafiya da ake buƙata, Izinin Yanki Mai Iyaka, da kuɗin shiga yankin kiyayewa
  • Kayan aikin likita na asali da kayan tsaro yayin tafiya
  • Jakar barci, jaket ɗin ƙasa, sandunan tafiya, jakunkunan duffel (dole ne ku dawo bayan tafiya)
  • Takaddun shaida na nasara a ƙarshen tafiya
  • Haraji na gwamnati da cajin sabis na hukuma

Me bai Hade ba?

  • Jirgin kasa da kasa zuwa kuma daga Nepal
  • Kudin visa na shiga Nepal idan isowa
  • Abincin rana da abincin dare a Kathmandu
  • Kuɗaɗen da mutum zai kashe kamar abubuwan sha, abubuwan ciye-ciye, shawa mai zafi, Wi-Fi, da cajin na'urori
  • Inshorar tafiye-tafiye da ke rufe gaggawa ta likita da kuma kwashe jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu (sama da mita 5,000)
  • Nasiha ga jagora, ƴan dako, da direbobi
  • Karin dararen otal da ke haifar da jinkirin jirgin, isowa da wuri, ko tashi daga latti
  • Karin farashin da ya haifar da rikice-rikicen yanayi ko siyasa fiye da ikonmu

Bayanin Tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass Trek

Yanayi da Lokaci don Tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass

Ana jin daɗin Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass a lokacin bazara daga Maris zuwa Mayu da kuma kaka daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Yanayin yawanci yana da kwanciyar hankali a waɗannan lokutan, akwai kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da tsaunuka, kuma yanayin zafin rana yana da daɗi. A lokacin bazara, dazuzzuka suna fure tare da furannin rhododendron kuma tsaunuka suna da kyau da launuka masu kyau. Kaka yawanci ana siffanta ta da iska mai haske da kuma dogon gani, don haka, lokaci ne mafi kyau na shekara don ɗaukar hotuna da kuma yin dogayen kwanaki na yawon buɗe ido.

A lokacin tsaunukan Lumba Sumba Trek, safe da yamma na iya yin sanyi, musamman kusa da hanyar wucewa. Ana iya yin sa a lokacin hunturu, kodayake zai yi sanyi kuma yana iya samun dusar ƙanƙara a wurare masu tsayi. Lokacin damina daga Yuni zuwa Agusta yana kawo ruwan sama, sararin sama mai gajimare, da hanyoyin da ba su da santsi, wanda zai iya shafar sassan jadawalin tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass. Ga yawancin masu tafiya a ƙasa, bazara da kaka su ne lokutan da suka fi dacewa don tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass.

Wahalar Tafiya

An sanya wa Lumba Sumba Pass Trak tsawon kwanaki 19 a matsayin mai wahala saboda tsayinsa, wurin da yake nesa, da kuma tsallakawa mai tsayi a tsayin mita 5,070. Kwanakin tafiya suna ɗaukar tsakanin sa'o'i biyar zuwa bakwai na tafiya duk da cewa akwai rana ɗaya da ake samun tsawon yini a lokacin tsallakawa. Hanyar ta ƙunshi hanyoyin daji, hanyoyin duwatsu, karkata a hankali, da sassan ƙanƙara a manyan wurare.

Ba a buƙatar hawa dutse na fasaha kuma babu buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman na hawa dutse. Amma ingantaccen motsa jiki, ƙarfi da kuma wasu gogewa a baya a yin tafiya a tsaunuka masu tsayi abin da ake ba da shawarar sosai. Manyan ƙalubalen Lumba Sumba Trek sun haɗa da nisan tafiya mai nisa, masauki mai sauƙi, da kuma wurare masu iyaka a wurare masu nisa.

Yana yiwuwa kuma yana da lada idan aka shirya tafiyar yadda ya kamata kuma aka yi ta cikin tsari. Tsare-tsare a cikin tsarin tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin tafiya a hankali da kuma samun ci gaba cikin aminci.

Ciwon Altitude da Shawarwari

Mafi girman wurin da ake yin Lumba Sumba Pass Trek shine mita 5,070, don haka akwai yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi dangane da tsayi. A lokacin tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass, muna bin hawa a hankali kuma muna haɗa da ranar daidaitawa don tallafawa daidaitawa lafiya. Duk mutane suna amsawa ga tsayi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ya fi kyau a saurari jikinka kuma a ba da rahoto ga jagorar idan wasu alamu suka bayyana.

Alamomin farko na rashin jin daɗi a tsayi na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai, rashin ci, da wahalar barci. Muna ba da shawarar tafiya a hankali zuwa matsakaici, kiyaye ruwa a jiki, da kuma guje wa barasa. Idan akwai buƙata, ana iya shirya ƙarin hutu dangane da yanayin.

Tsarin da aka tsara na tsawon kwanaki 19 na Lumba Sumba Pass Trek yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗari ta hanyar ba da damar daidaita lokaci kafin a ketare babban titin. Yawancin masu tafiya za su iya kammala tafiyar cikin aminci da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin jagora da wayar da kan jama'a.

Abinci da Abin Sha a Lokacin Tafiya

A lokacin Lumba Sumba Trek, muna samar da abinci sau uku a rana, ciki har da karin kumallo, abincin rana, da abincin dare. Yankunan da ke ƙasa za su sami abinci kamar shinkafa, lentil, kayan lambu, taliya, dankali, da abinci mai sauƙi na gida. Sashen dafa abinci namu kuma yana dafa abinci sabo da lafiya a wuraren sansani masu ci gaba don kiyaye yawan kuzari yayin tafiyar.

Ruwa mai kyau yana da mahimmanci a lokacin tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass. Muna haɓaka amfani da ruwan tafasa ko wanda aka tace don sha, kuma muna haɓaka amfani da kwalaben da za a iya sake amfani da su. Yawanci suna ba da shayi da abubuwan sha masu ɗumi da yamma da kuma a wurare masu tsayi inda yanayin zafi yake ƙasa.

Abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ruwa mai kyau suna da mahimmanci don ƙarfafawa da kuma daidaitawa a duk lokacin tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass. Abinci mai sauƙi amma mai lafiya yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye jikinka a cikin wannan tafiya ta kwanaki 19 a cikin tsaunuka masu nisa.

Visa da Izini don Tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass

Domin shiga Lumba Sumba Pass Trek, za ku buƙaci takardar izinin yawon buɗe ido ta Nepal mai inganci da kuma izinin tafiya da ake buƙata. Yawancin matafiya suna iya samun takardar izinin shiga Filin Jirgin Sama na Kathmandu kuma wannan yana buƙatar hoton fasfo da kuɗin da ya dace. Wannan hanyar tana ratsa ta wuraren da aka takaita kuma aka tsara su, don haka ana buƙatar izini na musamman.

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba ta ƙunshi izini ga Yankin Kare Kanchenjunga da kuma Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa na Makalu Barun. Ana kuma buƙatar izinin Yanki Mai Ƙayyadadde saboda wasu sassa suna ƙarƙashin yankunan tafiya da aka tsara. Ana yin aikin takarda kafin fara tafiyar, don haka ba sai ka yi aikin takarda da kanka ba.

A lokacin tattakin Lumba Sumba Pass, ana iya duba fasfo ɗinka a wuraren bincike daban-daban, don haka ɗaukar sa yana da mahimmanci. Izini mai kyau yana tabbatar da cewa tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass ta kwanaki 19 tana aiki bisa doka da kuma bisa ga alhaki.

Lafiya da Kariya

Tsaron ku ya kasance babban abin da ya fi muhimmanci a duk lokacin Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass. Wannan kasada ce mai nisa ta sansani, kuma tsari mai kyau da sanin yakamata suna da mahimmanci. Muna da ƙungiyar jagora, waɗanda ke duba lafiyar ƙungiyar kowace rana kuma suna ɗauke da kayan agajin gaggawa. Muna bin diddigin tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass a hankali don rage gajiya da haɗarin da ke tattare da tsayi.

Shawararmu ita ce mu tsaftace jiki, mu sha ruwan da aka tace, sannan mu kai rahoton duk wani rashin jin daɗi ga jagorar. A wurare masu tsayi, ba a ƙarfafa barasa don sauƙaƙe daidaitawa da ya dace ba. Ana iya shirya ƙaura ta gaggawa idan akwai gaggawa. A lokacin Lumba Sumba Trek, haɗin gwiwa da sadarwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye aminci. Tare da ci gaba da tafiya da kuma yanke shawara mai kyau, ana iya kammala tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass cikin aminci da tsari.

Transport

Sufuri na tsawon kwanaki 19 na Lumba Sumba Pass Trek ya haɗa da jiragen sama na cikin gida da kuma tuƙi a kan ƙasa. Tafiyar tana farawa da jirgin sama tsakanin Kathmandu da Bhadrapur sannan a tuka mota zuwa wurin da za a fara tafiya. Sannan mu tuka mota daga kan titin a ƙarshen tafiyar zuwa Tumlingtar sannan mu tashi zuwa Kathmandu.

Hanyoyin da ke gabashin Nepal na iya zama ko dai hanyoyin da aka yi da dutse ko kuma hanyoyin tsaunuka a yankunan karkara. Direbobi masu ƙwarewa ne ke kula da waɗannan hanyoyin. Duk jigilar jiragen sama da suka shafi Lumba Sumba Pass Trek ana shirya su a gaba don tabbatar da samun kyakkyawar tafiya. Yawon shakatawa na sama da na kan hanya zai ba mu damar yin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin yankunan Kanchenjunga da Makalu. Tsarin sufuri muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass gaba ɗaya.

Assurance Tafiya

Ana ba da shawarar inshorar tafiye-tafiye sosai ga Lumba Sumba Pass Trek. Ya kamata a haɗa da tafiya mai tsayi sama da mita 5,000 da kuma gaggawar tashi daga jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a cikin tsarin inshorar ku. Kariyar lafiya, katsewar tafiya da kuma kariyar fita suna da mahimmanci saboda nisan wannan hanyar.

Tunda tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass tana faruwa ne a cikin tsaunuka masu keɓewa tare da ƙarancin hanyoyin shiga, inshorar da ta dace tana ba da kwanciyar hankali. Muna ƙarfafa buƙatar samun inshora kafin zuwa Nepal saboda manufofin gida bazai yi tasiri sosai wajen rufe tsaunuka masu tsayi ba. Ajiye kwafin bayanan inshorar ku a cikin kwanaki 19 na Tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass yana da mahimmanci idan akwai gaggawa. Tsarin da ya dace zai sa ku iya mai da hankali kan jin daɗin tafiyar.

Harshe da Sadarwa

A lokacin Tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass, za ku ci karo da gaurayen harsunan gida, ciki har da yaren Nepali, Rai, da harsunan Tibet da ke da tasiri a kan mutanen Tibet a ƙauyuka masu tsayi. Wasu daga cikin masu gidan shayi da kuma jagoran ku a ƙananan ƙauyuka suna iya koyon Turanci mai sauƙi. A cikin sassan nesa na Tafiya ta Lumba Sumba, hanyoyin sadarwa suna da iyaka kuma hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu na iya zama marasa ƙarfi ko kuma babu su.

Ba a tabbatar da samun damar intanet ba yayin tattakin Lumba Sumba Pass, musamman a wuraren sansani. Wannan yana da ƙarancin haɗin kai don haka za ku iya jin daɗin yanayin tsaunuka gaba ɗaya ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Jagorar ku za ta taimaka, idan ana maganar fassara da sadarwa ta gida. Al'ummomin yankin suna godiya da gaisuwa mai sauƙi kamar Namaste da Dhanyabad kuma suna taimakawa wajen gina hulɗa mai daraja a duk lokacin tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass.

Jagororin Tafiya Masu Alheri

Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass tana ratsa ƙauyuka masu muhimmanci a al'adu da wuraren kiyayewa. Al'adun gida da yanayi suna da matuƙar daraja. Muna tallata tufafi masu sauƙi a ƙauyuka da kuma cire takalma kafin shiga gidaje ko gidajen ibada. Hakanan yana da kyau a yi tambaya kafin ɗaukar hotunan mutane ko wuraren ibada.

A lokacin tattakin Lumba Sumba Pass, muna bin hanyoyin sarrafa shara mai kyau kuma muna dawo da kayayyaki marasa lalacewa. Ba a ba da shawarar rarraba kuɗi ko alewa kai tsaye ga yara ba. Ta hanyar kasancewa tare da ƙungiyar da bin umarnin jagora, yana yiwuwa a kasance lafiya kuma a lokaci guda a girmama yankin. Halayyar da ta dace tana taimakawa wajen kiyaye muhalli da al'adu a kan Tafiyar Lumba Sumba ga baƙi na gaba.

Dokokin daukar hoto da Drone

Yanayin ƙasa da ke kan hanyar Lumba Sumba Pass yana ba da damammaki da yawa don ɗaukar hoto. Duwatsun dusar ƙanƙara, kwarurukan tsaunuka da tsoffin ƙauyukan gargajiya suna ba da kyakkyawan tunawa. Muna goyon bayan ɗaukar hoto mai kyau wanda muke neman izini kafin mu ɗauki hotunan mutane ko wuraren ibada.

Amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuki a Nepal yana ƙarƙashin izinin gwamnati na musamman. Ba tare da izinin hukuma ba, ba a yarda da jiragen sama marasa matuki a wuraren kiyayewa da ƙuntatawa da aka haɗa a cikin jadawalin tafiya na Lumba Sumba Pass ba. A wuraren sansani, wuraren caji kaɗan ne, don haka ya fi kyau a ɗauki batura da sauran wutar lantarki . A cikin kwanaki 19 na Lumba Sumba Pass Trek, ɗaukar hoto mai alhaki yana tabbatar da cewa muna ɗaukar abubuwan tunawa ba tare da tayar da hankalin namun daji ko al'ummomin yankin ba.

Nasihu ga Masu Ziyarar Farko

Ga waɗanda suka shiga Lumba Sumba Trek a karon farko, shiri na jiki yana da mahimmanci. Tafiya akai-akai, motsa jiki mai sauƙi, da kuma motsa jiki kafin isowa zai taimaka wajen sa tafiya ta Lumba Sumba Pass ta fi daɗi. Ya kamata a kuma saka tufafi masu kyau waɗanda ake amfani da su a yanayi daban-daban.

Yana da amfani a kiyaye daidaiton gudu, a kasance cikin ruwa, sannan a bi tsarin tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass a hankali. Ya kamata kuma ya zama mai sassauƙa domin wurin dutsen da yanayin hanyar na iya buƙatar ƙananan gyare-gyare a cikin jadawalin. Mafi mahimmanci, a ɗauki tafiyar cikin haƙuri da tunani mai kyau. Tafiyar Lumba Sumba Pass ta kwanaki 19 tana ba da kyakkyawar gogewa ta hanyar wurare masu nisa da ƙauyukan al'adu idan aka yi la'akari da ita da shiri da wayar da kan jama'a.

 

Tambayoyin da Akafi Tambaya

Janar Janar

Shiri & Fitness Shiri & Fitness

Inshora da Visa Inshora da Visa

Wuri da Kayayyakin aiki Wuri da Kayayyakin aiki

Abinci da Abinci Abinci da Abinci

Yanayi & Lokaci Yanayi & Lokaci

Kiwon lafiya & Tsaro Kiwon lafiya & Tsaro

Yin ajiya & Biya Yin ajiya & Biya

Sufuri & Jirgi Sufuri & Jirgi

  • Tsaro na farko, ko da yaushe
  • Mafi kyawun farashi da aka tabbatar
  • Ƙwararrun ƙungiyar tafiye-tafiye
  • Yin rajista cikin sauƙi, babu ƙarin abubuwa
  • Keɓance tafiyarka
5.0

Dangane da sake dubawa 10