Zowona za Everest kwa Apaulendo: Kutalika, Nyengo, ndi Zovuta

Introduction

Phiri la Everest, lalitali mamita 8,848.86 (29,031.7 ft) ndilo phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwake ndi malo ake zimayimira malire a malire aumunthu ndi kufufuza kwaumunthu.

Everest imakopa apaulendo ambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwake komanso zochitika zake. Anthu ambiri amaona kuti ndi chiyeso cha mphamvu zamaganizidwe ndi thupi, ndi chisangalalo chomwe chimabwera mukamafika pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.

Aliyense amene akukonzekera kukwera maulendo kapena kukwera pa Everest ayenera kumvetsetsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kutalika kwa mlengalenga ndi momwe okwera amakumana nawo. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira izi kuti mukhale ndi maulendo otetezeka komanso opambana kuphiri lodziwika bwino.

Bukhuli likuwonetsa zambiri zofunikira zomwe aliyense woyenda ayenera kudziwa kuti akhale otetezeka, okonzeka komanso olimbikitsidwa akamawona nsonga zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ikukonzekera kukonzekeretsa ofufuza ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuti adziwe zoopsa ndi zithumwa za chimphona chodziwika bwino cha Nepal ndi Tibet.

Phiri la Everest Pang'onopang'ono

Phiri la Everest ndi mamita 8,848.86 (29,031.7 ft) pamwamba pa nyanja, lomwe linayesedwa ndi China ndi Nepal mu 2020. Everest ili pamalire a Nepal-Tibet a Himalaya ku Mahalangur Himal sub-range.

Malowa ndi ochititsa chidwi ndi otsetsereka komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola, ndipo amakopa oyenda paulendo kuti asangalale ndi mawonekedwe a Everest okha. M'malo akomweko, Everest amatchedwa Sagarmatha ku Nepali ("Mulungu wamkazi wa Kumwamba") ndi Chomolungma ku Tibetan ("Amayi Wachikazi Wadziko Lonse").

Derali ndi lofunika kwambiri mwauzimu kwa iwo amene amakhala m’mphepete mwa phiri la Everest. Mayanjano omwe mayina a mulungu wamkazi amawonetsa chikhulupiriro chozama cholumikizidwa ndi nsonga ya Everest.

Kukwera koyamba kwa Everest kudakwaniritsidwa mu 1953 ndi Sir Edmund Hillary ndi Tenzing Norgay Sherpa. Kupambana kumeneku ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zimene zachitika m’mbiri yamakono yokwera mapiri. Kupambanaku kukupitilizabe kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za ulemerero wa Everest kwa okwera mapiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Maulendo a Everest amayendetsedwa ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zokwerera: njira yaku South Col kudzera ku Nepal ndi njira ya North Col kudzera ku Tibet. Mayendedwe awa ali pakati pa mfundo za Everest kwa apaulendo omwe akukonzekera kukwera.

Altitude ndi Acclimatization

Kutalika kumakhudza kwambiri oyenda ndi okwera pa Everest, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisagwire ntchito zake. Mfundo za Everest zimasonyeza kuti zimakhala zovuta kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa okosijeni, choncho kukonzekera mosamala n'kofunika kuti mupirire mpweya wochepa kwambiri pamtunda.

Ulendo wabwino wopita ku Msasa Wa Everest Base adzakwera kukwera kokhazikika, ndi masiku opuma kuti azolowere. Njirazi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa thanzi pamalo okwera panthawi yokwera.

Mu Everest Base Camp (mamita 5364), mulingo wa okosijeni ndi pafupifupi 50% ya mulingo wanyanja. Uku ndikutsika kwakukulu komwe kuli m'gulu lazinthu zazikulu za Everest zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo ndi mphamvu zapaulendo.

Matenda a Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) amapezeka m'madera okwera kwambiri omwe ali ndi zizindikiro monga mutu, nseru, ndi chizungulire. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikirozi msanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kuti mukhale otetezeka. Kunyalanyaza zizindikirozi kungayambitse mavuto aakulu monga HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema) kapena HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema).

“Kwerani pamwamba, gonani pansi” kuti mupatse nthawi kuti thupi lizolowere mpweya wochepa. Kunyalanyaza izi kuyika anthu okwera phiri pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda okwera chifukwa kuyenda nokha ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa okwera ndi okwera.

Nyengo ndi Nyengo ya Everest

Nyengo zabwino kwambiri zokayendera Everest ndi masika (March-May) ndi autumn (September-November), kupereka thambo loyera ndi nyengo yabwino. Nyengo ndi nthawi zabwino zochitira kukwera kotetezeka komanso kosangalatsa.

Kutentha kwa Everest Base Camp kumachokera ku -10 °C usiku kufika pafupifupi 5 °C masana. Awa ndi malo ozizira, koma opirira kwa apaulendo. Pafupi ndi pamwamba, nyengo yozizira imatha kutsika mpaka -60 ° C ndi mphepo yamkuntho yopitilira 150 km / h. Kudziwa kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha koteroko ndikofunikira pankhani ya zida zokwanira komanso maphunziro.

M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumatha kufika -60 ° C, ndipo kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kukwera. Kuzizira koopsa kumeneku kumatanthawuza zenizeni za Everest, kudziwitsa okwerawo za malo ovuta, opitilira 8,000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mvula yamkuntho (June-August) imabweretsa mvula yamphamvu ku zigwa zotsika ndi chipale chofewa pamalo okwera, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugumuka kwa nthaka ndi mapiri. Kusintha kwanyengo kukusinthanso masinthidwe a chipale chofewa, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, komanso kukwera kwachitetezo m'derali. Nyengo iyi imakhudza kwambiri makonzedwe oyendera maulendo a Everest.

Zima kumakhala kozizira kwambiri ndi mphepo yamphamvu yomwe nthawi zambiri imayimitsa maulendo. Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa chipale chofewa ndi madzi oundana omwe amabweretsa zovuta zatsopano ku chilengedwe cha Everest ndi tsogolo la chitetezo chake paulendo.

Kuyenda ndi Kukwera Mavuto

Kukwera kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa oxygen

Kuyenda ndi kukwera kwa Everest ndikovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mtunda wautali komanso kuchepa kwa okosijeni. Zowona pa Everest zikuwonetsa kuti thupi limavutika kuti lipeze mpweya wokwanira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimafunikira kukhazikika komanso kuyang'anira thanzi kuti zisatenge matenda okwera.

Kuti muzoloŵere m’malo ameneŵa pamafunika kuleza mtima ndi kuyendayenda koyenera. Kulephera kuzolowerana bwino kungayambitse zizindikiro zazikulu, ndipo ndikofunikira kudziwa zenizeni za kukwera kwa Mount Everest kwa oyenda ndi okwera omwe akufuna kukwera.

Nyengo yosayembekezereka ndi mphepo yamphamvu

Nyengo ku Everest ndi yosadziŵika kwambiri, ndipo mkuntho wake ndi mphepo yamkuntho imabwera nthawi iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, apaulendo amayenera kukonzekera masiku oyenda kwa maola 6-8 ndi masabata 3-4 okonzekera ulendowu. Mphepo zamphamvu zimatha kukhala liwiro la mphepo yamkuntho, kusokoneza moyo ndi mphamvu za okwera.

Mikhalidwe yovuta yotereyi imakonda kuchepetsa kapena kuyimitsa maulendo; chifukwa chake, oyenda paulendo amayenera kukonza nthawi yosinthika. Kudziwa zowona za Everest zokhudzana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo kumathandizira othamanga kukhala okonzekera kusinthika kwadzidzidzi panjira.

Kupirira kwakuthupi ndi zofunikira zolimbitsa thupi

Kulimbitsa thupi komanso kulimba kwakuthupi ndikofunikira kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta za Everest. Kulimbitsa thupi modabwitsa kwamtima ndikofunikira pakuyenda kwautali pamtunda wovuta kwambiri.

Kukonzekera kusanachitike ulendo kumawonjezera mwayi wopambana ndi kupulumuka. Mfundo za Everest zimatsindika kuti kulimbitsa thupi n'kofunika chifukwa munthu akatopa, amatha kuvulala komanso kudwala chifukwa cha kutopa.

Magawo aukadaulo (Khumbu Icefall, crevasses, etc.) kwa okwera

Pali magawo aukadaulo, monga Khumbu Icefall, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Maserac osuntha ndi ming'alu yakuya yopezeka mumadzi oundana amafuna kukhala ndi luso lapamwamba ndi okwera. Izi zinali zovuta zomwe zimatsutsana za njira yakumwera.

Maphunziro aukadaulo ndi maupangiri, komanso zida ndi zokumana nazo, ndizothandiza kwambiri kudutsa maderawa mosatekeseka. Zowona za Everest zikuwonetsa kuti maderawa ndi owopsa komanso osadziwikiratu, ngakhale kwa anthu odziwa kukwera mapiri.

Zowopsa paumoyo: chisanu, hypothermia, matenda okwera

Frostbite, hypothermia, ndi matenda okwera kwambiri ndi zina mwazowopsa zaumoyo. Zowopsa izi zimawonjezeka ndi kukwera; chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chaumoyo wamunthu ndichofunikira kwa onse apaulendo.

Njira zodzitetezera, kutsika kwake panthawi ya matenda, ndi zida zoyenera ndizofunikira. Mfundo za Everest zili ngati chikumbutso kwa okwera mapiri kuti kunyalanyaza ngozi zoterezi kungayambitse ngozi zomwe zingaike moyo pachiswe.

Zovuta zogwirira ntchito: kulumikizana kochepa, ndalama zopulumutsira, zilolezo

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mayendedwe amaphatikiza kusalankhulana bwino komanso kusamuka movutikira. Mtengo wopulumutsira ndi wodabwitsa, monga momwe amachitira chilolezo, pomwe mfundo zonse zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakukhazikitsa mfundo za Everest kwa omwe akufuna kukwera mapiri.

Oyenda amayenera kutenga inshuwaransi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe oyenerera. Kumvetsetsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito kumathandizira kupewa zovuta zodula komanso zoopsa paulendowu.

Malangizo kwa Oyenda ndi Ma Trekkers

Musanayambe ulendo wanu, muyenera kuphunzitsa kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi kuti mukhale opirira. Kuphunzitsidwa pafupipafupi kudzachepetsa chiopsezo chovulazidwa ndikuwonjezera kupambana kwanu pa Everest.

Kwerani pang'onopang'ono ndikukhalabe amadzimadzi kuti muchepetse matenda okwera. Izi zidzathandiza kuti thupi lanu lizisintha kuti likhale lochepa la okosijeni, motero kuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda okwera.

Tengani mankhwala monga Diamox (acetazolamide) motsutsana ndi Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) ndipo funsani upangiri wachipatala musanayambe. Zizindikiro zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukhala zovuta zachipatala pamene munthu sali wokonzeka kuziganizira.

Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti inshuwaransi yanu yoyenda ikuphatikiza kuthawa kwa helikopita. Chitetezo choterocho n'chofunika chifukwa Everest ili kutali komanso yovuta kufikako.

Lemekezani chikhalidwe cha Sherpa kwanuko komanso njira zoyendera zachilengedwe, nyamulani mabotolo amadzi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo musatayire zinyalala. Tsatirani zokopa alendo okhazikika, chifukwa zimakonda kukhala ndi maziko osungira Everest kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Zosangalatsa Zokhudza Everest (Mndandanda Wofulumira)

Chaka chilichonse, kukwera kwa nthaka chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mbale za Indian ndi Eurasian tectonic plates kumapangitsa phiri la Everest kukula pafupifupi mamilimita anayi. Kukula kwa Everest ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kusinthika kwake kwachilengedwe ndipo ndichinthu chosangalatsa cha Mount Everest.

Mitsinje ya Jet, yomwe ndi mitsinje yamphepo yokwera m'mlengalenga pafupi ndi nsonga ya Mount Everest, imatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 200 pa ola. Mitsinje ya jet imatha kupangitsa mphepo yamkuntho yowopsa, chifukwa nyengo yamphamvu imathandizira kupanga gawo limodzi lolimba komanso lovuta kwambiri la Mount Everest, zowona kwa okwera.

Pali nsonga zopitilira 6,000 za Mount Everest mpaka pano, zomwe zikuyika Everest kukhala pachimake chokwera kwambiri kuposa mamita zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ichi ndi chochititsa chidwi ndipo ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimafalitsidwa mu mfundo za Mount Everest zokhudzana ndi chifuniro ndi kutsimikiza kwaumunthu.

Pafupifupi okwera 300 amwalira akuyesera kukwera Everest, chomwe ndi chiwerengero chodetsa nkhawa komanso chofunikira cha Mount Everest chomwe chimapereka kuopsa kokwera komanso kusakonzekera ngozi.

Ntchito yotolera zinyalala ndi kuyeretsa ikupitiriza Phiri la Everest tsopano okwera mapiri ambiri akubwera, ndikupanga zinyalala zambiri paphiri. Ntchito zachilengedwe zikuphatikizidwa m'zaka zatsopano za Mount Everest kuti apitilize kusunga ndikuwonjezera kukongola kwa phirili.

Kutsiliza

Kuti wapaulendo aliyense akhale wotetezeka komanso wopambana, kudziwa kutalika, nyengo, ndi zovuta za Everest ndikofunikira. Kukhala okonzeka ndi mfundo zazikulu za Everest; kutalika kwake, nyengo yosadziŵika bwino, ndi zovuta za kukwera kwake, zimapatsa wapaulendo aliyense chidziwitso ndi luso lokonzekera mwanzeru ndi motetezeka.

Ngati mwaphunzitsidwa bwino, kukonzekeretsa, ndi kutsogozedwa bwino, mutha kusangalala ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso chikhalidwe cha komweko, kwinaku mukulemekeza chilengedwe chamapiri chomwe sichimawonongeka. Oyenda omwe ali ndi udindo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chidziwitso chachikulu paulendo wawo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha thanzi komanso kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe cha mapiri osatetezeka a Everest.